Comparing (Part One)
Wprowadzenie
Porównywanie osób, rzeczy, miejsc i sytuacji to jedna z najważniejszych funkcji języka angielskiego. Na poziomie B1–B2 uczniowie muszą znać nie tylko podstawowe stopniowanie przymiotników (bigger, more expensive, the best), ale również bardziej zaawansowane konstrukcje takie jak as…as, less…than, far more, the more…the more czy not nearly as…as. Konstrukcje porównawcze są niezwykle często testowane na egzaminach FCE (B2 First) oraz CAE (C1 Advanced).
1. Comparative Adjectives
Budowa
short adjective + -er + than
- tall → Sam is taller than Julie.
- fast → Cars are faster than bikes.
- smart → I am smarter than my sister.
more + long adjective + than
- interesting → The book of „2001” is more interesting than the film.
- comfortable → My new sofa is more comfortable than my old sofa.
- expensive → A Rolls Royce is more expensive than a Ford car.
Zastosowanie
Porównujemy dwie osoby, rzeczy lub sytuacje.
Examples
- My car is faster than yours.
- This book is more interesting than the film.
- Poland is bigger than Belgium.
- Today’s lesson was more useful than yesterday’s.
2. Superlatives
Budowa
the + adjective-est
- (Dave and Tim are tall but…) Tim is the tallest.
- (Cats and birds are fast but….) Birds are the fastest.
the most + adjective
- (BMWs and Porsches are expensive but…) Porsches are the most expensive.
- (Jenny and Sue are beautiful but…) Jenny is the most beautiful.
Zastosowanie
Porównujemy jedną rzecz z całą grupą.
Examples
- Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
- This is the most difficult exercise.
- Anna and Julie are the best students in the class.
3. as … as
Budowa
as + adjective + as
- Sam and Dave are the same height | Sam is as tall as Dave.
- Julie has lots of money. Tina has little money | Tina isn’t as rich as Julie.
Zastosowanie
Pokazuje równy poziom cechy.
Examples
- Tom is as tall as Jack. (Tom and Jack are equal height)
- Today’s exam isn’t as difficult as the exam yesterday. (Today’s exam is easier)
- My sister is as hardworking as I am. (We work equally hard)
4. less … than
Budowa
as + adjective + as
- The new sofa is less comfortable than the old one. | The old sofa was more comfortable.
- Jake is less experienced than Tim. | Tim has more experience.
Zastosowanie
Porównanie w kierunku „mniej”.
Examples
- BMW cars are less comfortable than Range Rovers.
- Jane is less beautiful than Sylvia.
- The film was less entertaining than expected.
5. much / far / a lot + comparative
much / far / a lot + comparative + than
- This test is much harder than the test yesterday | This test is much more difficult than…
- Vodka is far stronger than beer.
- People in California are a lot richer than people in England.
- This match is far more entertaining than the match we watched last week.
Zastosowanie
Wzmacnianie porównania.
Examples
- My car was much more expensive than your car.
- Sam’s laptop is far heavier than my laptop.
- French trains are a lot faster than British trains.
