„Tax” Vocabulary
Podatki (taxation) to jeden z najważniejszych tematów w Business English, finansach, ekonomii oraz debatach publicznych. Znajomość specjalistycznego słownictwa podatkowego pomaga lepiej rozumieć artykuły biznesowe, raporty finansowe, wiadomości gospodarcze oraz dyskusje dotyczące budżetu państwa, podatków dla firm i osób prywatnych. Poniżej znajdziesz najważniejsze idiomy, phrasal verbs i kolokacje związane z podatkami, które często pojawiają się w autentycznych materiałach biznesowych oraz na poziomach B2–C2.
1. Pay tax
Meaning: płacić podatek
- Individuals and businesses have to pay tax on their income. There are no exemptions.
2. Tax burden
Meaning: obciążenie podatkowe
- Small companies often struggle with a heavy tax burden.
3. Tax break | Tax relief
Meaning: ulga podatkowa
- Microsoft were given attractive tax breaks to persuade them to open an office in our city.
4. Tax liability
Meaning: zobowiązanie podatkowe
- The accountant carefully calculated the company’s tax liability.
5. Tax return
Meaning: deklaracja podatkowa
- In the UK, tax returns have to be submitted before the 10th of each month.
6. Tax revenue
Meaning: wpływy podatkowe
- Rising employment and inflation have brought higher tax revenues to the government.
7. Tax loophole
Meaning: luka podatkowa
- The savvy accountant spent all day looking for and exploiting tax loopholes, in order to help his clients pay less tax.
8. Tax avoidance (legal)
Meaning: unikanie podatków (legalne)
- Tax avoidance is legal and very common, being practised by most businesses.
8a. Tax evasion (illegal)
Meaning: uchylanie się od podatków (nielegalne)
- The unscrupulous accountant offered his clients a series of packages, designed to evade tax and reduce their tax burden. Later, many of these clients would be arrested for tax evasion.
9. Write off (phrasal verb)
Meaning: odpisać od podatku
- Big businesses can donate money to charity and write it off as a tax cost.
10. Clamp down on
Meaning: rozprawić się z czymś, zaostrzyć kontrole
- The government is clamping down on companies that pay their tax late. The penalties are being increased.
11. the coffers
Meaning: skarbce
- I suspect local governments are using traffic cameras and parking fines to fill the coffers.
12. A tax haven
Meaning: raj podatkowy
- Some of the richest corporations and businesspeople 'hide’ their money in tax havens, like Bermuda and the Caymen Islands.
13. (to) Rob Peter to Pay Paul
Meaning: zabierać jednemu, by dać drugie
-
The troubled business got a bank loan to pay its tax bill, which was like robbing Peter to pay Paul.
14. Shell company
Meaning: spółka wydmuszka
-
The unscruopulous businessman created multiple shell companies to hide his assets.
